![]() ![]() Khan is credited with economic prosperity and industrialisation. His legacy remains mixed his era is often dubbed the "Decade of Development". Khan remains the country's longest-serving president and second-longest serving head of state. Later, fighting a brief illness, he died in 1974. Following protests in East Pakistan, Ayub resigned in March 1969 and appointed Yahya Khan. In 1967, disapproval of price hikes of food prompted demonstrations across the country led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Ayub won the elections and was re-elected for a second term. In 1965, Khan entered the presidential race as the Convention Muslim League's candidate to counter the opposition candidate Fatima Jinnah. However, the failure of land reforms and a weak taxation system meant that most of this growth landed in the hands of the elite. Under Ayub, Pakistan's space program was established, and the country launched its first uncrewed space-mission by 1962. His tenure was also distinguished by the completion of hydroelectric stations, dams, and reservoirs. Large inflows of foreign aid and investment led to the fastest-growing economy in South Asia. Khan privatized state-owned industries, and liberalized the economy generally. Domestically, Ayub subscribed to the laissez-faire policy of Western-aligned nations at the time. It resulted in a stalemate and peace was restored via the Tashkent Declaration. He launched Operation Gibraltar against India in 1965, leading to an all-out war. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but his alignment with the US worsened relations with the Soviet Union in 1962. He aligned Pakistan with the United States, and allowed American access to air bases inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Two weeks later, after a breakdown in civil–military relations, Khan seized presidency in a military coup, the first in the country's history.Īs president, Khan appointed Muhammad Musa to replace him as commander-in-chief. From 1953 to 1958, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported president Iskandar Ali Mirza's decision to impose martial law against prime minister Feroze Khan's administration on 7 October 1958. ![]() In 1951, he became the first native commander-in-chief, succeeding General Douglas Gracey. After the partition of India in August 1947, he joined the Pakistan Army and was stationed in East Bengal. He fought in the Second World War on the British side against the Imperial Japanese Army. ![]() He previously served as the third Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army from 1951 to 1958.īorn in the North-West Frontier Province, Khan was educated from the Aligarh Muslim University and trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Muhammad Ayub Khan ( – 19 April 1974) was a Pakistani military officer and politician who served as the second president of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969. ![]()
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